Pollinator plant

Christmas-rose

Helleborus niger

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Common names

28 names · 18 languages
EnglishYour language
+3 more namesShow fewer names
Other languages (17)
Dutch
French
Chinese (Simplified)
  • 黑根铁筷子[3]
Chinese (Traditional)
  • 黑根鐵筷子[3]
Czech
  • čemeřice černá[3]
Danish
  • Almindelig Julerose[3]
Finnish
  • vaaleajouluruusu[3]
German
+2 more namesShow fewer names
Hungarian
  • Fekete hunyor[3]
Italian
Japanese
  • クリスマスローズ[3]
Polish
  • Ciemiernik Biały[3]
Russian
  • Морозник чёрный[3]
Slovak
  • čemerica čierna[3]
Slovenian
  • črni teloh[3]
Sotho
  • črni teloh[3]
Swedish
Sources & name notes (3)

Names recorded in our plant catalogue and botanical sources, grouped by language. Usage can vary by region.

Catalogue language labels are reviewed separately from botanical source records.

Numbered references identify names recorded by an external source. Other names are from our plant catalogue.

[1] Helleborus niger — Plant Toolbox common names ↗

NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox; English common names in a United States horticultural reference.

Source records
  • Black Hellebore — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(1); heading: Common Name(s):; Helleborus niger.
  • Christmas Rose — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(2); heading: Common Name(s):; Helleborus niger.
  • Easter Rose — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(3); heading: Common Name(s):; Helleborus niger.
  • Hellebore — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(4); heading: Common Name(s):; Helleborus niger.
  • Lenten Rose — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(5); heading: Common Name(s):; Helleborus niger.
[2] Helleborus niger — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy. This is a common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • Black hellebore — results[0].names[4]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Christrose — results[0].names[6]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schneerose — results[0].names[5]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schwarze Nieswurz — results[0].names[15]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schwarzen Christrose — results[0].names[21]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Weihnachtsrose — results[0].names[7]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Christmas-rose — results[0].names[3]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Hellébore noir — results[0].names[10]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Rose de Noël — results[0].names[22]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Elleboro nero — results[0].names[1]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Kerstroos — results[0].names[9]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
[3] Helleborus niger — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy; common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • Black hellebore — results[1].names[4]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Christrose — results[1].names[6]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schneerose — results[1].names[5]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schwarze Nieswurz — results[1].names[15]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Schwarzen Christrose — results[1].names[21]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Weihnachtsrose — results[1].names[7]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Christmas-rose — results[1].names[3]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Hellébore noir — results[1].names[10]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Rose de Noël — results[1].names[22]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Elleboro nero — results[1].names[1]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Kerstroos — results[1].names[9]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Морозник чёрный — results[1].names[2]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • čemeřice černá — results[1].names[8]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Fekete hunyor — results[1].names[11]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Almindelig Julerose — results[1].names[12]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • クリスマスローズ — results[1].names[13]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • Ciemiernik Biały — results[1].names[14]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • črni teloh — results[1].names[16]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • 黑根铁筷子 — results[1].names[17]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • julros — results[1].names[18]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • črni teloh — results[1].names[19]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • 黑根鐵筷子 — results[1].names[20]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • vaaleajouluruusu — results[1].names[23]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
  • čemerica čierna — results[1].names[24]; taxon id 55841; Helleborus niger.
Plant references

Source-backed information

Published observations for this plant. Each reference supports the information beside it.

Taxonomy
Helleborus niger is an accepted species in Catalogue of Life.

Taxonomic treatment in the August 2026 release; the catalogue record name is preserved.

Sources [1]
Botanical family
Ranunculaceae

Family in the cited taxonomic treatment.

Sources [1]
Mature height
0.23–0.3 m

NC State Extension profile. Converted from the source range in feet and inches; mature size varies with growing conditions.

Sources [2]
Mature spread
0.3–0.46 m

NC State Extension profile. Converted from the source range in feet and inches; mature size varies with growing conditions.

Sources [2]
Plant habit
Clumping; Erect

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Life cycle
Perennial

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Growth rate
Slow

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Foliage
Broadleaf Evergreen

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Light
Dappled Sunlight (Shade through upper canopy all day); Deep shade (Less than 2 hours to no direct sunlight); Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Moisture and drainage
Good Drainage; Occasionally Dry

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Soil texture
High Organic Matter

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Soil pH
Alkaline (>8.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)

NC State Extension profile. These source categories do not certify the catalogue’s numeric pH interval.

Sources [2]
Flowering season
Spring; Winter

NC State Extension profile. Seasons reflect the source region and do not verify the catalogue’s exact flowering months.

Sources [2]
Native range
Alps, Appennini.

Explicit native locality records in Kew WCVP v16; introduced and doubtful distributions excluded. Continent conversion follows the documented geographic mapping.

Sources [3]
Catalogue ratings

Who this plant supports

Honey bees

Low suitability
Nectar value Low
Pollen value Low
Plant profile

About this plant

Black Hellebore (Helleborus niger) is a herbaceous plant. It flowers from January to March.

Sources and references

References for the information marked with source numbers on this page.

Sources checked
  1. Catalogue of Life Helleborus niger — Catalogue of Life COL26.8

    COL26.8 (2026-08-20). Contributing checklist: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World. This is taxonomic evidence, not an independent ecological study.

    Supports: TaxonomyBotanical family
    Relevant sections
    • Taxonomy: NameUsage.tsv line 2220544; ID 6LNKM; rank species; status accepted
    • Botanical family: NameUsage.tsv line 2220544; ID 6LNKM; rank species; status accepted

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 4.0.

  2. NC State Extension Helleborus niger — Plant Toolbox

    NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Growing conditions and seasons reflect its United States horticultural context.

    Supports: Mature heightMature spreadPlant habitLife cycleGrowth rateFoliageLightMoisture and drainageSoil textureSoil pHFlowering season
    Relevant sections
    • Mature height: Dimensions / Height
    • Mature spread: Dimensions / Width
    • Plant habit: Habit/Form
    • Life cycle: Life Cycle
    • Growth rate: Growth Rate
    • Foliage: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics
    • Light: Light
    • Moisture and drainage: Soil Drainage
    • Soil texture: Soil Texture
    • Soil pH: Soil pH
    • Flowering season: Flower Bloom Time

    Source checked on .

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Helleborus niger — Kew WCVP native distribution

    Native distribution and taxonomic treatment from the official WCVP v16 export (4 June 2026). The link opens the corresponding POWO taxon. Source rows are retained in the native-range audit archive.

    Supports: Native range
    Relevant sections
    • Native range: WCVP v16; wcvp_names.csv lines 1406990; wcvp_distribution.csv native locality lines 1430164, 1430166, 1430167, 1430169, 1430170

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 3.0.