Pollinator plant

Perennial broccoli

Brassica oleracea

Linked agroforestry plant data
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Common names

72 names · 37 languages
EnglishYour language
+20 more namesShow fewer names
Other languages (36)
Dutch
  • boerenkool
  • kool[1][2]
  • Meerjarige broccoli
French
Arabic
  • براسيكا زيتية[2]
Arapaho
  • niisei'kooti'i[2]
Catalan
  • Bròquil, coliflor i col[2]
Cherokee
  • ᎣᏍᎨᏫ[2]
Chinese (Simplified)
Chinese (Traditional)
Czech
  • brukev zelná[2]
Danish
Estonian
Finnish
German
+1 more nameShow fewer names
Hebrew
  • כרוב הבר[2]
  • כרוב הגינה, כרובית, ברוקולי וכ'ו[2]
Hungarian
  • vadkáposzta[2]
Italian
Japanese
  • ヤセイカンラン[2]
  • 甘藍[2]
Kweyol
Lithuanian
Luxembourgish
Norwegian
Ojibwe
Otomi
Polish
  • Kapusta warzywna[2]
Portuguese
Russian
  • Капуста огородная[2]
Sinhala
  • ගෝවා[2]
Slovak
  • kapusta obyčajná[2]
Slovenian
Sotho
Spanish
Swedish
Thai
  • กะหล่ำ[2]
Totonaco
Turkish
  • karnabahar[2]
  • lahana[2]
  • Lahana/Karnabahar/Brokoli[2]
Ukrainian
  • Капуста городня[2]
Sources & name notes (4)

Names recorded in our plant catalogue and botanical sources, grouped by language. Usage can vary by region.

Catalogue language labels are reviewed separately from botanical source records.

Numbered references identify names recorded by an external source. Other names are from our plant catalogue.

[1] Brassica oleracea — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy. This is a common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • kale — results[1].names[15]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kool — results[1].names[28]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cabbage — results[1].names[4]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Gemüse-Kohl — results[1].names[30]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Gemüsekohl — results[1].names[32]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Klippenkohl — results[1].names[36]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • black cabbage — results[1].names[24]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • borecole — results[1].names[16]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • broccoli — results[1].names[11]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • brussels sprouts — results[1].names[14]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cabbage, broccoli, and allies — results[1].names[1]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cauliflower — results[1].names[12]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Chou Mollier — results[1].names[17]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • collard greens — results[1].names[13]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Haria — results[1].names[18]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kohlrabi — results[1].names[19]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Marrow Stem Kale — results[1].names[20]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Niko — results[1].names[21]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Puka — results[1].names[22]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Rearea — results[1].names[23]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Red Kale — results[1].names[62]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Romanesco broccoli — results[1].names[10]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • wild cabbage — results[1].names[2]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • wild mustard — results[1].names[3]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Brócoli — results[1].names[6]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Brócoli, Coliflor y Repollo — results[1].names[5]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kale — results[1].names[38]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Chou — results[1].names[26]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Cavolo — results[1].names[46]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Couve — results[1].names[9]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
[2] Brassica oleracea — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy; common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • kale — results[1].names[15]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kool — results[1].names[28]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cabbage — results[1].names[4]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Gemüse-Kohl — results[1].names[30]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Gemüsekohl — results[1].names[32]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Klippenkohl — results[1].names[36]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • black cabbage — results[1].names[24]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • borecole — results[1].names[16]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • broccoli — results[1].names[11]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • brussels sprouts — results[1].names[14]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cabbage, broccoli, and allies — results[1].names[1]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • cauliflower — results[1].names[12]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Chou Mollier — results[1].names[17]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • collard greens — results[1].names[13]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Haria — results[1].names[18]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kohlrabi — results[1].names[19]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Marrow Stem Kale — results[1].names[20]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Niko — results[1].names[21]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Puka — results[1].names[22]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Rearea — results[1].names[23]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Red Kale — results[1].names[62]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Romanesco broccoli — results[1].names[10]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • wild cabbage — results[1].names[2]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • wild mustard — results[1].names[3]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Brócoli — results[1].names[6]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Brócoli, Coliflor y Repollo — results[1].names[5]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kale — results[1].names[38]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Chou — results[1].names[26]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Cavolo — results[1].names[46]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Couve — results[1].names[9]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • culash — results[1].names[7]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • gonchi — results[1].names[8]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • 甘藍 — results[1].names[25]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • brukev zelná — results[1].names[27]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Have-kål — results[1].names[29]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kapsas — results[1].names[31]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kål — results[1].names[33]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • vihanneskaali — results[1].names[34]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Капуста огородная — results[1].names[35]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Eshoonh — results[1].names[37]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • 甘藍 — results[1].names[39]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • chouponm — results[1].names[40]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kål — results[1].names[41]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • 甘蓝 — results[1].names[42]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • niisei'kooti'i — results[1].names[43]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • ගෝවා — results[1].names[44]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kopūstas — results[1].names[45]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kapusta warzywna — results[1].names[47]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • karnabahar — results[1].names[48]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • lahana — results[1].names[49]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Kabes — results[1].names[50]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Blomkoel — results[1].names[51]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • براسيكا زيتية — results[1].names[52]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • กะหล่ำ — results[1].names[53]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • vadkáposzta — results[1].names[54]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • ᎣᏍᎨᏫ — results[1].names[55]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • ヤセイカンラン — results[1].names[56]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Капуста городня — results[1].names[57]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • כרוב הגינה, כרובית, ברוקולי וכ'ו — results[1].names[58]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kaali — results[1].names[59]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Lahana/Karnabahar/Brokoli — results[1].names[60]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • Bròquil, coliflor i col — results[1].names[61]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • zelje — results[1].names[63]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • kapusta obyčajná — results[1].names[64]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
  • כרוב הבר — results[1].names[65]; taxon id 54516; Brassica oleracea.
[3] Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20 — Brassica oleracea ↗

Common names from World Plants, version 26.05, reproduced in Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20. License: CC BY.

Source records
  • Atlantischer Wildkohl (DE); Cabbage (EN) — VernacularName.tsv, line 147096; taxon N82N.
[4] Brassica oleracea — Plant Toolbox common names ↗

NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox; English common names in a United States horticultural reference.

Source records
  • Bresych Gwyllt — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(1); heading: Common Name(s):; Brassica oleracea.
  • Wild Cabbage — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(2); heading: Common Name(s):; Brassica oleracea.
  • Wild Mustard — ul#common_names > li:nth-of-type(3); heading: Common Name(s):; Brassica oleracea.
Plant references

Source-backed information

Published observations for this plant. Each reference supports the information beside it.

Taxonomy
Brassica oleracea is an accepted species in Catalogue of Life.

Taxonomic treatment in the August 2026 release; the catalogue record name is preserved.

Sources [1]
Botanical family
Brassicaceae

Family in the cited taxonomic treatment.

Sources [1]
Mature height
0.25–0.61 m

NC State Extension profile. Converted from the source range in feet and inches; mature size varies with growing conditions.

Sources [2]
Mature spread
0.3–0.61 m

NC State Extension profile. Converted from the source range in feet and inches; mature size varies with growing conditions.

Sources [2]
Plant habit
Erect

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Life cycle
Biennial; Perennial

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Growth rate
Medium

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Light
Full sun (6 or more hours of direct sunlight a day); Partial Shade (Direct sunlight only part of the day, 2-6 hours)

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Moisture and drainage
Good Drainage; Moist

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Soil texture
Clay; Loam (Silt); Sand

NC State Extension profile.

Sources [2]
Soil pH
Acid (<6.0); Neutral (6.0-8.0)

NC State Extension profile. These source categories do not certify the catalogue’s numeric pH interval.

Sources [2]
Flowering season
Spring; Summer

NC State Extension profile. Seasons reflect the source region and do not verify the catalogue’s exact flowering months.

Sources [2]
Reported wildlife attraction
Listed as attracting: butterflies, moths, pollinators.

NC State Extension profile. Broad wildlife categories; this does not establish flower visits by a named bee species or quantify nectar and pollen.

Sources [2]
Native range
Atlantic coasts of Great Britain, France and Spain.

Explicit native locality records in Kew WCVP v16; introduced and doubtful distributions excluded. Continent conversion follows the documented geographic mapping.

Sources [3]
Catalogue ratings

Who this plant supports

Honey bees

High suitability
Nectar value High
Pollen value High
Agroforestry database

Complete plant information

Open full plant profile

Structure

Vegetation layer
Herbaceous, Vegetable
Size
Small
Dimensions
1.20 m high × 0.00 m wide
Lifecycle
Perennial

Site conditions

USDA hardiness
6-9
Moisture
Moist
Soil
Sandy, Loamy, Clay
pH
Acid, Neutral, Alkaline
Light
Partial shade, Sun

Uses

Edible parts
Leaves
Functions
Carbon farming
Edibility
4 out of 5
Medicinal value
2 out of 5

Leaves can be eaten both raw and cooked. When they are raw, they are somewhat bitter, but by cooking them in one or more changes of water, this bitterness is reduced. The slight bitter taste actually enhances the overall flavor, making this one of our favorite cooked leaf dishes. The plant can usually be harvested year-round, except during very cold winters when the harvest will be more limited.

Sources and references

References for the information marked with source numbers on this page.

Sources checked
  1. Catalogue of Life Brassica oleracea — Catalogue of Life COL26.8

    COL26.8 (2026-08-20). Contributing checklist: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World. This is taxonomic evidence, not an independent ecological study.

    Supports: TaxonomyBotanical family
    Relevant sections
    • Taxonomy: NameUsage.tsv line 5041858; ID N82N; rank species; status accepted
    • Botanical family: NameUsage.tsv line 5041858; ID N82N; rank species; status accepted

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 4.0.

  2. NC State Extension Brassica oleracea — Plant Toolbox

    NC State Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Growing conditions and seasons reflect its United States horticultural context.

    Supports: Mature heightMature spreadPlant habitLife cycleGrowth rateLightMoisture and drainageSoil textureSoil pHFlowering seasonReported wildlife attraction
    Relevant sections
    • Mature height: Dimensions / Height
    • Mature spread: Dimensions / Width
    • Plant habit: Habit/Form
    • Life cycle: Life Cycle
    • Growth rate: Growth Rate
    • Light: Light
    • Moisture and drainage: Soil Drainage
    • Soil texture: Soil Texture
    • Soil pH: Soil pH
    • Flowering season: Flower Bloom Time
    • Reported wildlife attraction: Attracts

    Source checked on .

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Brassica oleracea — Kew WCVP native distribution

    Native distribution and taxonomic treatment from the official WCVP v16 export (4 June 2026). The link opens the corresponding POWO taxon. Source rows are retained in the native-range audit archive.

    Supports: Native range
    Relevant sections
    • Native range: WCVP v16; wcvp_names.csv lines 1329079; wcvp_distribution.csv native locality lines 1218474, 1218480, 1218482

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 3.0.