Plant Details

Malus domestica

Apple

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Common names

157 names · 97 languages
EnglishYour language
+2 more namesShow fewer names
  • domestic apple[2]
  • orchard apple[2]
Other languages (96)
Dutch
French
Afrikaans
Albanian
Amharic
Arabic
  • تفاح قزم[2]
Armenian
  • խնձոր[2]
  • Խնձորենի կուլտուրական[2]
Azerbaijani
Belarusian
  • Яблыня дамашняя[2]
Bengali
  • আপেল[2]
Bosnian
Bunun
Burmese
  • ပန်းသီး[2]
Catalan
Cebuano
Chinese (Simplified)
+4 more namesShow fewer names
Chinese (Traditional)
Choctaw
  • Takkon Chito Ʋpi[2]
Corsican
Croatian
Czech
  • jablko[2]
  • jabloň domácí[2]
  • jabloň zakrslá[2]
Danish
  • Almindelig Æble[2]
  • Sød Æble[2]
  • Sød-æble[2]
+1 more nameShow fewer names
Esperanto
Estonian
Filipino
Finnish
Frisian
Galician
Georgian
  • ვაშლის[2]
German
  • Kultur-Apfel[1]
  • Kulturapfel[2]
Greek
Gujarati
  • સફરજન[2]
Haitian Creole
Hawaiian
Hebrew
  • תפוח תרבותי[2]
Hindi
Hungarian
Icelandic
Igbo
Indonesian
Irish
Italian
Japanese
  • りんご[2]
  • セイヨウリンゴ[2]
  • リンゴ[2]
Javanese
Kannada
  • ಸೇಬು[2]
Kazakh
Khmer
  • ផ្លែប៉ោម[2]
Kinyarwanda
Korean
Kurdish
Kyrgyz
Laadan
Lao
  • ໝາກໂປມ[2]
Latvian
+1 more nameShow fewer names
Lithuanian
+1 more nameShow fewer names
  • Žemoji obelis[2]
Luxembourgish
Macedonian
  • јаболко[2]
Malagasy
Malay
Malayalam
  • ആപ്പിൾ[2]
Maltese
Maori
Marathi
  • सफरचंद[2]
Mongolian
Nepali
  • स्याऊ[2]
Norwegian
Odia
  • ଆପଲ୍[2]
Ojibwe
  • mishiimin[2]
  • mishiiminaatig[2]
  • Mishiiminagaawanzh[2]
Oriya
  • ଆପଲ୍[2]
Pashto
Persian
Polish
  • jabłko[2]
  • Jabłoń domowa[2]
Portuguese
Punjabi
Romani
Romanian
Russian
  • Яблоня домашняя[2]
  • Яблоня карликовая[2]
Samoan
Scottish Gaelic
Serbian
  • јабука[2]
Shona
Sindhi
Sinhala
  • ඇපල්[2]
Slovak
  • jabloň domáca[2]
  • jabloň nízka[2]
Somali
Sotho
Spanish
Swedish
  • ananaskanel[2]
  • Ananasäpple[2]
  • Anderstorpsäpple[2]
+11 more namesShow fewer names
  • anisäpple[2]
  • Anneroäpple[2]
  • apel[2]
  • Arvidsäpple[2]
  • augustiäpple[2]
  • kulturapel[2]
  • rött ananasäpple[2]
  • trädgårdsapel[2]
  • äppelträd[2]
  • äpple[2]
  • äppleträd[2]
Tagalog
Thai
  • แอปเปิล[2]
Turkish
Ukrainian
  • Яблуня домашня[2]
Welsh
Xhosa
Yiddish
Zapoteco
Sources & name notes (2)

Names recorded in our plant catalogue and botanical sources, grouped by language. Usage can vary by region.

Numbered references identify names recorded by an external source. Other names are from our plant catalogue.

[1] Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20 — Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. ↗

Common names from World Plants, version 26.05, reproduced in Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20. License: CC BY.

Source records
  • Apple (EN) — VernacularName.tsv, line 172069; taxon VK8LK.
  • Kultur-Apfel (DE) — VernacularName.tsv, line 172070; taxon VK8LK.
[2] Malus domestica — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy; common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • apple — results[0].names[0]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • tarhaomenapuu — results[0].names[1]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • macieira — results[0].names[2]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • maçã — results[0].names[3]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • manzana agria — results[0].names[4]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • manzano — results[0].names[6]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • manzana — results[0].names[7]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Kulturapfel — results[0].names[8]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Яблоня домашняя — results[0].names[9]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabloň domácí — results[0].names[10]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • eple — results[0].names[11]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • aed-õunapuu — results[0].names[12]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Jabłoń domowa — results[0].names[13]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Common Apple — results[0].names[14]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Sød Æble — results[0].names[15]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Almindelig Æble — results[0].names[16]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Naminė obelis — results[0].names[17]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apel — results[0].names[18]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabloň domáca — results[0].names[19]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Խնձորենի կուլտուրական — results[0].names[20]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 苹果 — results[0].names[21]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Melo — results[0].names[22]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • doyu — results[0].names[23]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Eetappel — results[0].names[24]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 蘋果 — results[0].names[25]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • elma — results[0].names[26]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • セイヨウリンゴ — results[0].names[27]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • リンゴ — results[0].names[28]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pingku — results[0].names[29]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabloň nízka — results[0].names[30]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mishiiminaatig — results[0].names[31]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • belehui — results[0].names[32]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mishiimin — results[0].names[33]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pommier commun — results[0].names[34]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Appel — results[0].names[35]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • madal õunapuu — results[0].names[36]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 사과나무 — results[0].names[37]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Яблоня карликовая — results[0].names[38]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • تفاح قزم — results[0].names[39]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Žemoji obelis — results[0].names[40]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabloň zakrslá — results[0].names[41]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • paradiseple — results[0].names[42]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • domestic apple — results[0].names[43]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apple tree — results[0].names[44]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • orchard apple — results[0].names[45]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Mishiiminagaawanzh — results[0].names[46]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Sød-æble — results[0].names[47]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Яблыня дамашняя — results[0].names[48]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Яблуня домашня — results[0].names[49]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Appel — results[0].names[50]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Apole — results[0].names[51]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ፖም — results[0].names[52]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • խնձոր — results[0].names[53]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • alma — results[0].names[54]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • আপেল — results[0].names[55]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabuka — results[0].names[56]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mansanas — results[0].names[57]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mela — results[0].names[58]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabuka — results[0].names[59]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jablko — results[0].names[60]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • æble — results[0].names[61]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pomo — results[0].names[62]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • õun — results[0].names[63]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mansanas — results[0].names[64]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • omena — results[0].names[65]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Pomme — results[0].names[66]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • appel — results[0].names[67]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • mazá — results[0].names[68]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ვაშლის — results[0].names[69]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • μήλο — results[0].names[70]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • સફરજન — results[0].names[71]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pòm — results[0].names[72]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ʻāpala — results[0].names[73]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • सेब — results[0].names[74]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • alma — results[0].names[75]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • epli — results[0].names[76]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apụl — results[0].names[77]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • udara — results[0].names[78]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apel — results[0].names[79]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • úll — results[0].names[80]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Mela — results[0].names[81]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pomo — results[0].names[82]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • りんご — results[0].names[83]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apel — results[0].names[84]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ಸೇಬು — results[0].names[85]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • алма — results[0].names[86]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ផ្លែប៉ោម — results[0].names[87]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • pome — results[0].names[88]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 사과 — results[0].names[89]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • sêv — results[0].names[90]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • алма — results[0].names[91]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ໝາກໂປມ — results[0].names[92]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ābolu — results[0].names[94]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ābols — results[0].names[95]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ābele — results[0].names[96]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • obuolys — results[0].names[97]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • obelis — results[0].names[98]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apel — results[0].names[99]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • јаболко — results[0].names[100]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • paoma — results[0].names[101]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • epal — results[0].names[102]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ആപ്പിൾ — results[0].names[103]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • tuffieħ — results[0].names[104]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • tuffieħa — results[0].names[105]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • aporo — results[0].names[106]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • āporo — results[0].names[107]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • सफरचंद — results[0].names[108]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • алим — results[0].names[109]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ပန်းသီး — results[0].names[110]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • स्याऊ — results[0].names[111]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ଆପଲ୍ — results[0].names[112]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ଆପଲ୍ — results[0].names[113]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • مڼه — results[0].names[114]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • سیب — results[0].names[115]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • jabłko — results[0].names[116]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ਸੇਬ — results[0].names[117]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • măr — results[0].names[118]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apu — results[0].names[119]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ubhal — results[0].names[120]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • јабука — results[0].names[121]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apuro — results[0].names[122]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • انب — results[0].names[123]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ඇපල් — results[0].names[124]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • tufaax — results[0].names[125]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • apile — results[0].names[126]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • עפּל — results[0].names[127]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • แอปเปิล — results[0].names[128]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Mājas ābele — results[0].names[129]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 西洋苹果 — results[0].names[130]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 栽培苹果 — results[0].names[131]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 洋苹果 — results[0].names[132]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 大苹果 — results[0].names[133]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Mollë — results[0].names[134]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • nemes alma — results[0].names[135]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • äpple — results[0].names[136]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • äppleträd — results[0].names[137]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • äppelträd — results[0].names[138]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • trädgårdsapel — results[0].names[139]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • kulturapel — results[0].names[140]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • rött ananasäpple — results[0].names[141]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Ananasäpple — results[0].names[142]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • ananaskanel — results[0].names[143]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Anderstorpsäpple — results[0].names[144]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • anisäpple — results[0].names[145]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Anneroäpple — results[0].names[146]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Arvidsäpple — results[0].names[147]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • augustiäpple — results[0].names[148]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 柰 — results[0].names[149]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • תפוח תרבותי — results[0].names[150]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • 林檎 — results[0].names[151]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Pomera — results[0].names[152]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Phabai — results[0].names[153]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Afal — results[0].names[154]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Mansanas — results[0].names[155]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • Takkon Chito Ʋpi — results[0].names[156]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.
  • سێو — results[0].names[157]; taxon id 469472; Malus domestica.

General information

Scientific name: Malus domestica
Accepted name (Kew): Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. View name reference ↗

Accepted in the cited Kew taxonomic treatment.

Sources [6] [7]
Botanical family: Rosaceae

Kew's family placement for the genus Malus (WCVP v16).

Sources [6]
Also known as: Apple
Images: Google Images

Plant characteristics

Layer: Fruit tree
Catalogue size class: Small, Medium
Height: 4.57–9.14 m

NC State landscape size range; converted from feet and inches. Size varies with site, age and management.

Sources [1]
Spread: 4.57–9.14 m

NC State landscape size range; converted from feet and inches. Size varies with site, age and management.

Sources [1]
Growth rate: Moderate
Sources [1]
Foliage: Deciduous
Sources [1]
Growth habit: Dense, Erect, Rounded

Whole-plant habit and form as described by NC State.

Sources [1]

Growing conditions

USDA hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b

USDA zones listed by NC State; winter survival does not establish reliable cropping.

Sources [1]
Soil moisture:
Moist, Well-drained

Preferred growing conditions. Moisture and drainage are different properties; well-drained soil is not necessarily dry.

Sources [5] [3]
Soil:
Clay, Loam (Silt), Sand
Sources [1]
pH:
Alkaline (>8.0), Neutral (6.0-8.0)
Sources [1]
Light:
Full sun, Partial Shade
Sources [1]

Uses

Edible parts:
Fruit, Oil
Edibility rating:
(5)
Medicinal rating:
(2)
Functions:
Oil, Pectin, Wood, Bee forage

Description

Apples are eaten fresh, cooked or dried. Cultivars differ in flavour, use and ripening season. Tree size depends strongly on the rootstock and training system.

Sources [1] [2] [3] [4]

Harvest

Harvest starts: 15/09
Harvest ends: 31/10

Crown

Crown shape: Broad pyramidal
Crown density: Dense crown

Sources and references

References for the information marked with source numbers on this page.

Sources checked
  1. North Carolina State University Malus domestica — Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
    Supports: DescriptionHeightSpreadGrowth rateFoliageGrowth habitLightSoil textureSoil pHUSDA hardiness
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Description; Whole Plant Traits; Edibility; Poison Symptoms and Toxic Principle, where applicable
    • Height: Dimensions > Height; Height: 15 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in.
    • Spread: Dimensions > Width; Width: 15 ft. 0 in. - 30 ft. 0 in.
    • Growth rate: Growth Rate
    • Foliage: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics
    • Growth habit: Habit/Form
    • Light: Light
    • Soil texture: Soil Texture
    • Soil pH: Soil pH
    • USDA hardiness: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone

    Source checked on .

  2. Canadian Food Inspection Agency The Biology of Malus domestica Borkh. (Apple)
    Supports: Description
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Botanical description; vegetative propagation and rootstocks

    Source checked on .

  3. Royal Horticultural Society How to Grow Apples
    Supports: DescriptionSoil moisture
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Growing guide; choosing varieties, planting, harvesting and storing sections as applicable
    • Soil moisture: Growing guide; choosing varieties, planting, harvesting and storing sections as applicable

    Source checked on .

  4. National Center for Home Food Preservation, University of Georgia Apples are Peaking! Choose the Best Preservation Method
    Supports: Description
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Opening food-preservation paragraphs; drying apple slices or rings

    Source checked on .

  5. Royal Horticultural Society Malus domestica (F) — RHS Plant Profile
    Supports: Soil moisture
    Relevant sections
    • Soil moisture: Growing conditions: Moisture; Cultivation

    Source checked on .

  6. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16, extracted 4 June 2026
    Supports: Botanical familyTaxonomy
    Relevant sections
    • Botanical family: WCVP v16, wcvp_names.csv row 282839; name ID 2950387; Malus Mill.. Family column.
    • Taxonomy: WCVP v16, wcvp_names.csv row 1436605; name ID 2950597; Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh..

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 3.0.

  7. Catalogue of Life Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20 — Malus domestica

    Taxonomic data from World Plants, version 26.05, reproduced in Catalogue of Life 2026-08-20.

    Supports: Taxonomy
    Relevant sections
    • Taxonomy: COL 2026-08-20, NameUsage.tsv line 5294596, ID VK8LK: Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh. (accepted).

    Source checked on .