Plant Details

Celtis australis

Nettle Tree, European hackberry

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Common names

35 names · 26 languages
EnglishYour language
  • Almez[1]
  • European hackberry[1]
  • Mediterranean hackberry[1]
+2 more namesShow fewer names
  • Nettle Tree[1]
  • Southern Nettle-tree[1]
Other languages (25)
Dutch
  • Europese netelboom
French
  • falabreguier[1]
  • Micocoulier de Provence[1]
  • micocoulier du Midi[1]
Afrikaans
Arabic
  • ميس جنوبي[1]
Catalan
Chinese (Simplified)
  • 欧洲朴树[1]
Chinese (Traditional)
  • 歐洲朴樹[1]
Croatian
  • Crni koprivić[1]
Czech
  • břestovec jižní[1]
Danish
  • Nældetræ[1]
Finnish
  • euroopankeltis[1]
German
  • Südlicher Zürgelbaum[1]
Hebrew
  • מיש דרומי[1]
Hungarian
  • déli ostorfa[1]
Italian
Polish
  • Wiązowiec południowy[1]
Portuguese
  • Lódão-bastardo[1]
Russian
  • Каркас южный[1]
Serbian
  • Кошћела[1]
Slovak
  • brestovec južný[1]
Slovenian
  • navadni koprivovec[1]
Spanish
  • Allatón[1]
  • Almez[1]
  • Almez del Mediterráneo[1]
Swedish
  • europeisk bäralm[1]
Turkish
  • Çitlembik[1]
Ukrainian
  • Каркас південний[1]
Sources & name notes (1)

Names recorded in our plant catalogue and botanical sources, grouped by language. Usage can vary by region.

Numbered references identify names recorded by an external source. Other names are from our plant catalogue.

[1] Celtis australis — iNaturalist taxon names ↗

Community-curated iNaturalist taxonomy; common-name attestation, not an independent botanical determination.

Source records
  • Nettle tree — results[0].names[1]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Almez del Mediterráneo — results[0].names[2]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Mediterranean hackberry — results[0].names[3]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • lledoner — results[0].names[4]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Southern Nettle-tree — results[0].names[5]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Lódão-bastardo — results[0].names[6]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • מיש דרומי — results[0].names[7]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Spaccasassi — results[0].names[8]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Bagolaro — results[0].names[9]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • břestovec jižní — results[0].names[10]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • micocoulier de Provence — results[0].names[11]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • falabreguier — results[0].names[12]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Allatón — results[0].names[13]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Almez — results[0].names[14]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • ميس جنوبي — results[0].names[15]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • europeisk bäralm — results[0].names[16]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Кошћела — results[0].names[17]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • 欧洲朴树 — results[0].names[18]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • European hackberry — results[0].names[19]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Netelboom — results[0].names[20]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Каркас южный — results[0].names[21]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Nældetræ — results[0].names[22]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • navadni koprivovec — results[0].names[23]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • 歐洲朴樹 — results[0].names[24]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Südlicher Zürgelbaum — results[0].names[25]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Wiązowiec południowy — results[0].names[26]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Crni koprivić — results[0].names[27]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • déli ostorfa — results[0].names[28]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • micocoulier du Midi — results[0].names[29]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Каркас південний — results[0].names[30]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Almez — results[0].names[31]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • euroopankeltis — results[0].names[32]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • Çitlembik — results[0].names[33]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.
  • brestovec južný — results[0].names[34]; taxon id 76202; Celtis australis.

General information

Scientific name: Celtis australis
Accepted name (Kew): Celtis australis L. View name reference ↗

The European hackberry record corresponds to the accepted Linnaean name, rather than the different A. Richard name usage.

Sources [4]
Botanical family: Cannabaceae

Kew's family placement for the genus Celtis (WCVP v16).

Sources [3]
Also known as: Nettle Tree, European hackberry
Images: Google Images

Plant characteristics

Layer: Fruit tree, Tree
Catalogue size class: Large
Height: 20.00 m
Spread: 10.00 m
Growth rate: Moderate
Foliage: Deciduous
Sources [1]

Growing conditions

USDA hardiness: 5-9
Soil moisture:
Moist, Well-drained
Soil:
Sand (light) Loam (medium)
pH:
Acidic Neutral Alkaline
Light:
Full sun

Uses

Edible parts:
Fruit, Seed, Oil
Edibility rating:
(3)
Medicinal rating:
(2)
Functions:
Wood, Dye

Description

Celtis australis is a deciduous tree with a rounded crown. Its small purple-black fruits grow in clusters.

Sources [1] [2]

Harvest

Harvest starts: 01/09
Harvest ends: 31/10

Crown

Crown shape: rounded
Crown density: moderate crown

Typical crown form. Age, pruning and growing conditions can change its shape and density.

Sources [2] [1]

Sources and references

References for the information marked with source numbers on this page.

Sources checked
  1. Royal Horticultural Society Celtis australis — Mediterranean hackberry
    Supports: DescriptionCrownFoliage
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Description; Foliage; Cultivation; Potentially harmful, where applicable
    • Crown: Description; Foliage; Cultivation; Potentially harmful, where applicable
    • Foliage: Botanical details > Foliage

    Source checked on .

  2. University of Florida IFAS Extension Celtis australis: European Hackberry, ENH296/ST137
    Supports: DescriptionCrown
    Relevant sections
    • Description: Description; crown shape, crown density and fruit
    • Crown: Description; crown shape, crown density and fruit

    Source checked on .

  3. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew World Checklist of Vascular Plants, version 16, extracted 4 June 2026
    Supports: Botanical family
    Relevant sections
    • Botanical family: WCVP v16, wcvp_names.csv row 744580; name ID 2708131; Celtis L.. Family column.

    Source checked on .

    Source data licence: CC BY 3.0.

  4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Celtis australis L.
    Supports: Taxonomy
    Relevant sections
    • Taxonomy: Name heading and taxonomic status; The European hackberry record corresponds to the accepted Linnaean name, rather than the different A. Richard name usage.

    Source checked on .